Yasser and Felippe’s Paper Made the Front Cover of Advanced Functional Materials

Yasser and Felippe’s paper on inkjet-printed gold electrode arrays made the front cover of Advanced Functional Materials. Congrats!!!

Paper title: Inkjet-Printed Flexible Gold Electrode Arrays for Bioelectronic Interfaces

Abstract: Bioelectronic interfaces require electrodes that are mechanically flexible and chemically inert. Flexibility allows pristine electrode contact to skin and tissue, and chemical inertness prevents electrodes from reacting with biological fluids and living tissues. Therefore, flexible gold electrodes are ideal for bioimpedance and biopotential measurements such as bioimpedance tomography, electrocardiography (ECG), electroencephalography (EEG), and electromyography (EMG). However, a manufacturing process to fabricate gold electrode arrays on plastic substrates is still elusive. In this work, a fabrication and low-temperature sintering (≈200 °C) technique is demonstrated to fabricate gold electrodes. At low-temperature sintering conditions, lines of different widths demonstrate different sintering speeds. Therefore, the sintering condition is targeted toward the widest feature in the design layout. Manufactured electrodes show minimum feature size of 62 μm and conductivity values of 5 × 10 6 S m−1. Utilizing the versatility of printing and plastic electronic processes, electrode arrays consisting of 31 electrodes with electrode-to-electrode spacing ranging from 2 to 7 mm are fabricated and used for impedance mapping of conformal surfaces at 15 kHz. Overall, the fabrication process of an inkjet-printed gold electrode array that is electrically reproducible, mechanically robust, and promising for bioimpedance and biopotential measurements is demonstrated.

Publication:

1. 
   Inkjet-Printed Flexible Gold Electrode Arrays for Bioelectronic Interfaces Yasser Khan, Felippe J. Pavinatto, Monica C. Lin, Amy Liao, Sarah L. Swisher, Kaylee Mann, Vivek Subramanian, Michel M. Maharbiz, and Ana C. Arias Advanced Functional Materials, 2016 , . [Abstract] [Bibtex] [PDF] Cover Article.

   Bioelectronic interfaces require electrodes that are mechanically flexible and chemically inert. Flexibility allows pristine electrode contact to skin and tissue, and chemical inertness prevents electrodes from reacting with biological fluids and living tissues. Therefore, flexible gold electrodes are ideal for bioimpedance and biopotential measurements such as bioimpedance tomography, electrocardiography (ECG), electroencephalography (EEG), and electromyography (EMG). However, a manufacturing process to fabricate gold electrode arrays on plastic substrates is still elusive. In this work, a fabrication and low-temperature sintering (_200 _C) technique is demonstrated to fabricate gold electrodes. At low-temperature sintering conditions, lines of different widths demonstrate different sintering speeds. Therefore, the sintering condition is targeted toward the widest feature in the design layout. Manufactured electrodes show minimum feature size of 62 _m and conductivity values of 5 _ 10 6 S m_1. Utilizing the versatility of printing and plastic electronic processes, electrode arrays consisting of 31 electrodes with electrode-to-electrode spacing ranging from 2 to 7 mm are fabricated and used for impedance mapping of conformal surfaces at 15 kHz. Overall, the fabrication process of an inkjet-printed gold electrode array that is electrically reproducible, mechanically robust, and promising for bioimpedance and biopotential measurements is demonstrated.

   @article{khan2016inkjet, author = {Khan, Yasser and Pavinatto, Felippe J. and Lin, Monica C. and Liao, Amy and Swisher, Sarah L. and Mann, Kaylee and Subramanian, Vivek and Maharbiz, Michel M. and Arias, Ana C.}, title = {Inkjet-Printed Flexible Gold Electrode Arrays for Bioelectronic Interfaces}, journal = {Advanced Functional Materials}, issn = {1616-3028}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, year = {2016}, url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adfm.201503316/abstract}, doi = {10.1002/adfm.201503316}, thumbnail = {khan2016inkjet.png}, pdf = {khan2016inkjet.pdf}, publisher = {Wiley-VCH}, keywords = {bioimpedance and biopotential electrodes, gold nanoparticles, inkjet printing, printed electrodes, wearable sensors}, note = {Cover Article.} }